Given the results of the studies above, it is not surprising that there has been a strong outcry against football. However, the science in this area is truly not settled. Contrary to common perception, the clinical syndrome of CTE has not yet been fully defined. Its prevalence is unknown, and the neuropathological diagnostic criteria are no more than preliminary.
We have an incomplete understanding of the extent or distribution of pathology required to produce neurological dysfunction or to distinguish diseased from healthy tissue, with the neuropathological changes reported in apparently asymptomatic individuals. Furthermore, many of the studies cited by those who would like to abolish tackle football have involved relatively small sample sizes. Most importantly, other studies seem to indicate that concussions may be more benign. Again, these studies are broken down by league level:.
Studies such as these provide ammunition for those who defend organized football as an institution. However, many such studies were funded or carried out by the NFL, owners of NFL franchises, universities that earn millions of dollars from football, and other interested parties. Given the obvious conflict of interest, the studies have been criticized on that ground. The NFL has taken other concrete steps to respond to the controversy. On the other hand, while football helmets can prevent fractured skulls, they will likely never be able to prevent concussions.
And for the same reason, a helmet alone will not prevent CTE. Some people accuse the media and others of hysterically overhyping the dangers of tackle football to the brain. Bailes et al. Montenigro et al. McKee et al. See Bennet I. Lawrence et al. See also Ann C. Alosco et al. Lehman et al. Guskiewicz et al. Collins et al. Lovell et al. Kelly et al. Cobb et al. Campolettano et al. Stamm et al. Rao et al. Sign in Don't already have an Oxford Academic account? You could not be signed in. Sign In Forgot password?
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New issue alert. Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic. Citing articles via Google Scholar. XI—Equality, Friendship, and Politics. The appeal of deontology lies in its consistency. By applying ethical duties to all people in all situations the theory is readily applied to most practical situations. Others criticise deontology for being inflexible — by ignoring what is at stake in terms of consequences, some say it misses a serious element of ethical decision-making.
Kant, for example, argued it would be unethical to lie about the location of our friend, even to a person trying to murder them! For many, this seems intuitively false. One way of resolving this problem is through an idea called threshold deontology , which argues we should always obey the rules unless in an emergency situation, at which point we should revert to a consequentialist approach. By signing up you agree to our privacy policy.
Article Being Human. I have a little bit of a sticky situation. In the Trolley Experiment, I would definitely take out one person to save more 5 lives. The problem for me comes from the next example. If the one person was my daddy, I would then take 5 lives over 1. The shortcomings arise from people like me who somewhat straddle the fence between Deontology and Consequentialism.
So, no. I would feel very guilty, and probably am guilty for selecting my father over the 5, but when you add love, the situation can get kind of blurry. Thank you for sharing Stephanie. The human experience is complex indeed, and your explanation illustrates that! We have to make differences between different kinds of the ruling structure if it is authoritarian then we have no option but obey the rules, In the Democratic structure, people have the power to resist against the arbitrary rules made by govt Yes, we have to follow them rules up to a level not always in any situations and circumstances….
I would say YES! It would definitely take care of you. In my opinion, by making self rules, it would always include discipline and unselfishness. Or abortion.
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