Adults traveling to countries where polio cases are occurring should review their immunization status to make sure they are immune. In New York State, polio vaccine is required for all children enrolled in pre-kindergarten programs and schools. Maintaining high levels of polio immunization in the community is the single most effective preventive measure. PPS is a condition that affects polio survivors ten to 40 years after recovery from an initial infection.
PPS is characterized by further weakening of muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. Symptoms include fatigue, slowly progressive muscle weakness and deterioration.
Joint pain and bone deformities are common. PPS is generally not life-threatening. There is no known cause or effective treatment for PPS. Navigation menu. Who gets polio? How is polio spread? Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. What is Polio? Minus Related Pages. Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by the poliovirus.
On This Page. Learn More. Transmission Poliovirus is very contagious and spreads through person-to-person contact. Poliovirus only infects people. It enters the body through the mouth and spreads through: Contact with the feces poop of an infected person. Droplets from a sneeze or cough of an infected person less common.
You can get infected with poliovirus if: You have picked-up minute pieces of feces on your hands, and you touch your mouth. A single booster dose of IPV lasts a lifetime. Adults at risk include those who are traveling to parts of the world where polio still occurs or those who care for people who have polio.
If you're unvaccinated or your vaccination status is undocumented, get a series of primary polio vaccination shots — two doses of IPV at four- to eight-week intervals and a third dose six to 12 months after the second dose. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products.
Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Polio is a contagious viral illness that in its most severe form causes nerve injury leading to paralysis, difficulty breathing and sometimes death. Nerve cell neuron Open pop-up dialog box Close. Nerve cell neuron The basic unit of communication in the nervous system is the nerve cell neuron.
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Immunisation with oral polio vaccines OPV and inactivated polio vaccines IPV started towards the end of the s and has significantly reduced the incidence of poliomyelitis.
Of the three wild poliovirus serotypes only WPV1 remains. WPV2 was declared eradicated in September , with the last case detected in India in In August , the WHO African Region was declared free of wild poliovirus after four years with no new cases reported.
Outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses cVDPV are rare, but the number of cases is increasing due to under-immunised populations. An interactive map showing worldwide polioviruses cases, regularly updated by ECDC, is available here. The EU case definition of paralytic poliomyelitis, for the purposes of reporting communicable diseases to the community network, can be found here. Transmission Humans are the only known reservoir for polio virus.
The virus is transmitted via droplets or aerosols from the throat and by faecal contamination of hands, utensils, food and water.
The majority of transmissions occur via person-to-person contact or the faeco-oral route, although the oro-oral route is also possible. The following factors have been identified as contributing to continued polio transmission: high population density; poor health service infrastructure; poor sanitation; high incidence of diarrhoeal diseases; and low oral polio vaccine coverage.
However, poliovirus is excreted in the stools for up to six weeks. Poliovirus can survive at room temperature for a few weeks.
Soil, sewage and infected water have been shown to harbour the virus. All unimmunised persons are susceptible to the infection. Infants in the first six months may have some protection from passively transferred maternal immunity. Children under five years are at highest risk of contracting the infection. Prevention Provision of clean water, improved hygienic practices and sanitation are important for reducing the risk of transmission in endemic countries.
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